Cognitive Training
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Identifying imaging biomarkers in the neonatal brain
The past decade has seen great improvements in magnetic resonance imaging technologies, such that it is now possible to image the developing brain in utero. In 2018, Dafnis Batalle and colleagues compiled an Annual Research Review for the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, where they evaluated the current status of neuroimaging research in neonates and paediatrics to determine the origins of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Neuroscientific insight can boost learning: neuro-fact or neuro-fiction?
Earlier this year, Professor Michael Thomas and colleagues compiled an Annual Research Review for the JCPP, highlighting the contributions that neuroscience can make to understanding learning and classroom teaching. Here, we summarise their main findings, the current challenges to the field and the future of educational neuroscience.
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Working memory deficits may compromise cognitive flexibility in OCD
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterised by recurrent intrusive thoughts and/or behaviours. These traits imply deficits in cognitive flexibility in affected patients, but it is unclear at what stage of information processing these deficits might emerge. To address this question, Nicole Wolff and colleagues asked 25 adolescents with OCD and 25 matched healthy controls to complete a computer-based task switching paradigm.
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Cognitive flexibility in OCD: challenging the paradigm
Data from a new study by Nicole Wolff and colleagues suggest that cognitive flexibility can be better in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) than typically developing controls.
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Dysregulation profile risk may be identified in infancy
The “dysregulation profile” (DP) describes a child psychopathology construct that measures broad-based, generalised emotional and behavioural dysregulation using the Child Behaviour Checklist
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Abnormal visual fixation does not mediate deficits in emotion recognition in conduct disorder
Studies have shown that conduct disorder (CD) is associated with impaired recognition of facial emotions1, but whether the cause of this deficit is due to difficulties with attention, interpretation and/or appraisal is unclear. Now, researchers at the Universities of Southampton and Bath have addressed this question.
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Comorbid anxiety disorder has a protective effect in conduct disorder
The presence of comorbid anxiety disorders (ADs) counteracts the effects of conduct disorder (CD) on facial emotion recognition, according to new research by Roxana Short and colleagues.
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Psychological interventions have a small but significant effect in young children with conduct disorder
In 2017, Mireille Bakker and colleagues performed a systematic review and meta-analysis for the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, of the currently available psychological treatments for children and adolescents with conduct disorder problems. Here, we summarise the researcher’s key findings and the potential clinical implications for this field.
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Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing improves PTSD symptoms in children
Practice guidelines for childhood post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) recommend trauma-focused psychological therapies as the first-line treatment. The primary approach is trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapies, which have a large evidence base.
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Sleepiness in adolescence is associated with criminal behaviour in adulthood
Poor sleep seems to be associated with antisocial and criminal behaviour, but the longitudinal nature of this relationship is unclear.
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